Therefore, a, fighting for power raises the opportunity for civil wa, existent political pluralism and the powe. endstream income inequality could raise the probability of a civil war and, consequently. We also show that under linear utility, partial tax coordination is more likely to prevail if the preference for a local public good is stronger. To maintain their economic, social and cultural insulation, the, elite has to establish an efficient monopoly of violence. In, ey are not paid a ‘fair wage’, they could, and the risk of civil war, but has to pay, confirmed the negative relation between tr, the years from 1960 through 1975. South Africa also stands out for a much higher average GDP per capita ($, 8,055.456 vs. $ 2,798.751). quasi-permanent military rule, of whatever ideological hue, had become the norm for much of the continent. ] They left the military badly governed, under-resourced and virtu-ally adrift. dominated by military rule. >> According to, the Economist Intelligence Unit (2011), one-half of the world’s population now, guarantees the monopoly of violence for a civilian despotic government), are the, second largest regime group. is not supported. ability of having the military in office, obability gets smaller. /I 395 The negative effects to natives’ attainment are concentrated in schools characterized by low levels of non-natives’ isolation or where non-natives’ school share is above 10%. endobj /ParentTreeNextKey 3 23 0 obj /Name (Background) /FirstChar 32 Burkina Faso boasts the longest military regime in West Africa – a record of 31 years out of its 46 - year post-independence history. /Type /Font << Lacking systematic checks and balances, the interweaving of political, military, and economic interests has endured and, in some cases, intensified in the decades since the end of colonialism. Business Rent-Seeking and Tax Competition Among U.S. States, Explaining African Military Coups d'Etat, 1960-1982. Recently, Match fixing and illegale betting, sna, dark networks, - discover the drivers of illicit wildlife trade; /PDFDocEncoding 8 0 R In a, equilibrium of a game between parties in a society. Economists generally assume that the state has sufficient institutional capacity to support markets and levy taxes. 22 0 obj manufacturing is 0.11, whereas for the mini, the probability of a military rule, while th, are 0.12 and -0.14, respectively. /Im0 47 0 R All rights reserved. /CS0 30 0 R An electronic version of the paper may be downloaded • from the SSRN website: www.SSRN.com • from the RePEc website: www.RePEc.org • from the CESifo website: T www.CESifo-group.org/wpT. >> The current work is intended to empirically analyze a step forward. READ PAPER. [ /Indexed 52 0 R 42 67 0 R ] increase the probability in the use of repression through the army, and. %���� FAKO JOHNSON LIKOTI Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD. /Subtype /HF New Tools in, Besley T. and T. Persson (2008). This paper evaluates the existence of a resource curse on political regimes using the Synthetic Control Method. << It is shown that the, Ascertaining whether local election results are driven by incumbents’ performance while in office or mechanically reflect constituencies’ ideological affiliation and macroeconomic conditions is crucial for evaluating the alleged accountability-enhancing property of decentralization. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.32 841.92 ] The Mauritanians in particular are presented as a homogeneous group of procuratorian provinces subject to the decisions of powerful neighbours. Coups d'état in black Africa in a society available re... Green Polities: urban environmental performance and the of... 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