This new art form focused on non-objective painting that focused on design, color, form, and line. Bucklow showed me one of his latest works – a photo of a huge painting, widescreen like an epic American abstraction, at the centre of which is a man wrestling a woman. Greenberg's belief in flatness was at the heart of an evangelical praise for American abstract painting in the middle of the 20th century. With Greenberg, flatness alone is unique to painting. It retained the color scheme and simplicity of Minimalism, but it borrowed images from pop culture to become relatable. Paper 2 - Scholarly Article Art is a medium in which the visual enticing elements entitle a connection between artist and viewer. Clement Greenberg, American art critic who advocated a formalist aesthetic. The exceptions deserve to be regarded as rare geniuses – the greatest example being that eminent Victorian John Ruskin, whose criticism is unrivalled as both writing and thought. “Modernist painting oriented itself to flatness as it did to nothing else” writes art critic Clement Greenberg in “Modernist Painting.” Seeing flatness as the defining characteristic of painting, Greenberg argues painting should bring attention to its own flatness as a method of self criticism. ” (Greenberg 1960, 1) From here it can be concluded that, Greenberg (1960) believed that an art’s competency depended upon its uniqueness and irreducibleness, where purity appeared to be the essential component in defining art works as being of standard quality or not; and with flatness as the basic ingredient that should define Modernist painting and essentiality. Debates in this movement have gone as far as influencing many artists and the two well-known critics who have made this movement more remarkable and have changed the art world completely are Clement Greenberg and Ronald Rosenberg. For Clement Greenberg flatness is configured as a distinctly modernist impulse towards the self-referentiality of the medium of painting in the form of compression of visual depth inversely proportional to an increase in psychological expression of feeling (this included the lateral extension of the image on a large canvas or as series). The valorization of flatness led to a number of art movements, including minimalism and post-painterly abstractionism. hofmann and Clement Greenberg, flatness—more specifically, “re-created flatness,” a term the critic adopted after hearing it used in the painter’s im-portant 1938–39 new York lectures—became a key term in their accounts of pictorial meaning. Greenberg was then able to identify that what characterizes the uniqueness of each form of art is the nature of its medium: What he characterized as wholly unique to painting is the flatness of its two dimensional medium, and the purely optical rather than the tactile too. By now it covers almost the whole of what is truly alive in our culture. This project requires reading the article ‘Modernist painting’ written by Clement Greenberg1 and first published in 1960. The idea was that they were not supposed to symbolize anything but to just merely exist. He was the oldest of three sons born to Joseph and Dora (Brodwin) Greenberg. Riley's art appeared in the fashion of that era. Traditional modes of art composition were rejected in favor of improvisation, spontaneity and automatism. The designs presented migrated back to the Minimalist idea of art simply existing and not representing an ideal. M2-Flatness vs Projection. The American art critic Clement Greenberg was no Ruskin. 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