Earlier, in 1924, the RVSs were renamed as Military Councils, such high-level political officers were known as ChVS (Chlen Voennogo Soveta, Member of the Military Council); they were abolished in 1934. The introduction of edinonachalie was two-fold, either the military commander joined the Communist Party and became his unit’s political officer, or a pompolit (Russian: помполит, assistant commander for political work) officer was commissioned sub-ordinate to him. At the end of 1944 more than 1,100 full-time and about 47,000 part-time instructors had been trained under the overall control of General Hermann Reinecke, commander of the National Socialist leadership staff at the OKW. US Special Operations Command Appoints a Political Commissar to Make Sure the Whole Place Is Woke Enough to Suit the Left. The Russian word комисса́р, from the French commissaire, is used in Russia for both political and administrative officials. Red Army, Soviet army created by the Communist government after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. From 1943, the Militsiya switched to a new rank system and insignia introduced in the Soviet Army. The term "commissar" was abolished in August 1942, and at the company- and regiment-level, the pompolit officer was replaced with the zampolit (deputy for political matters). Hitler's Wehrmacht, 1935-1945. Hello! [2] As the Bolsheviks came to power through the October Revolution 1917, and as the Russian Civil War began, Leon Trotsky gradually established the Red Army and imposed political officers. Such officials were not military officers but reported back to the political authorities: the king and the National Assembly (French Revolution), respectively. Dzerzhinsky and the Cheka At the helm of this wave of state-sanctioned political violence was the Cheka and its fanatical leader, Felix Dzerzhinsky.Cheka agents targeted any individual or group considered a threat to Bolshevik rule or policies. The political commissar was head of a party cell within the military;[clarification needed][citation needed] however, military membership in the party has been restricted to the lower ranks since the 1980s. They had no direct influence on combat decisions as had the political commissar in the Soviet Army. We are Artel "W" Miniatures - group of artists, sculpters and designers, mostly from Russia, producing collectible resin miniatures for wargames, tabletops and RPGs. A similar term in French describes the equivalent of the rank of Major both in the army of the Ancien Régime and the French Revolution. Our motto is: "Awesome miniatures for awesome people!". Much credit must go to Trotsky who, despite the criticism aimed at him over the Czech Legion issue, was a brilliant War Commissar. A People's Commissar (informally abbreviated narkom) was a government official serving in a Council of People's Commissars. Why did Russia fall into civil war? Various historical German states have used an equivalent title, Reichskommissar (a compound of Reich and the German Kommissar), for several administrators who held responsibility over a territory or area of government. Revolutionary Military Councils (or Revvoyensoviets, RVS) were established at army-, front-, fleet-, and flotilla-level, comprising at least three members—commander and two political workers. Beginning in 1925, the politico-military doctrinal course toward edinonachalie (Russian: единоначалие, single command) was established, and the political commissar, as a military institution, faded. Was abandoned in … the Red Army was abandoned in … the Army... 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