She called Potemkin for help—mostly military—and he became devoted to her. [75] With all this discontent in mind, Catherine did rule for 10 years before the anger of the serfs boiled over into a rebellion as extensive as Pugachev's. Grigory Orlov, the grandson of a rebel in the Streltsy Uprising (1698) against Peter the Great, distinguished himself in the Battle of Zorndorf (25 August 1758), receiving three wounds. [29] Nothing came of this, however, and Catherine reigned until her death as an autocrat without any Constitution introducing human rights to Russian legislation. Catherine kept her illegitimate son by Grigori Orlov (Alexis Bobrinsky, later elevated to Count Bobrinsky by Paul I) near Tula, away from her court. Catherine created the Orenburg Muslim Spiritual Assembly to help regulate Muslim-populated regions as well as regulate the instruction and ideals of mullahs. Kamenskii A. In this month, the empress of Russia died and her successor Paul, who detested that the Zubovs had other plans for the army, ordered the troops to retreat to Russia. For example, serfs could apply to be freed if they were under illegal ownership, and non-nobles were not allowed to own serfs. Like Peter, Catherine tried to modernize Russia through her correspondence with Russeau and other Enlightenment figures. Catherine was crowned at the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow on 22 September 1762. Sette, Alessandro. Catherine is credited for shifting Russia from a provincial, rustic country to a paragon of European splendor and power. This was one of the chief reasons behind rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev Rebellion of Cossacks, nomads, peoples of Volga and peasants. [110] Between 1762 and 1773, Muslims were prohibited from owning any Orthodox serfs. [80][81], Catherine enlisted Voltaire to her cause, and corresponded with him for 15 years, from her accession to his death in 1778. Finally Catherine annexed the Crimea in 1783. [82], Catherine read three sorts of books, namely those for pleasure, those for information, and those to provide her with a philosophy. In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably Count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Madame Vigée Le Brun vividly describes the empress in her memoirs:[91], Madame Vigée Le Brun also describes the empress at a gala:[91], Catherine held western European philosophies and culture close to her heart, and she wanted to surround herself with like-minded people within Russia. The third film. Mourning dress is to be worn for six months, and no longer: the shorter the better. Russia inflicted some of the heaviest defeats ever suffered by the Ottoman Empire, including the Battle of Chesma (5–7 July 1770) and the Battle of Kagul (21 July 1770). One of the stranger legends surrounding Catherine the … [57][34], Catherine made public health a priority. [49] The Dzungar genocide which was committed by the Qing state had led many Dzungars to seek sanctuary in the Russian empire, and it was also one of the reasons for the abrogation of the Treaty of Kyakhta. Days earlier, she had found out about an uprising in the Volga region. [88], During Catherine's reign, Russians imported and studied the classical and European influences that inspired the Russian Enlightenment. [100] The girls who attended the Smolny Institute, Smolyanki, were often accused of being ignorant of anything that went on in the world outside the walls of the Smolny buildings, within which they acquired a proficiency in French, music, and dancing, along with a complete awe of the monarch. 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