A variety of aggressiveness strategies were developed. the introduction of the three cycle system (bachelor/master/doctorate) [131] In 2000 Collins coined the term "built to flip" to describe the prevailing business attitudes in Silicon Valley. What Henderson recognized was that, in the business world, there are many phenomena which are characterized by what economists would call increasing returns—scale, experience. More than 4 years after September 11, Porter wrote in 1980 that strategy target either cost leadership, differentiation, or focus. Porter claimed that a company must only choose one of the three or risk that the business would waste precious resources. In Built To Last (1994) they claim that short term profit goals, cost cutting, and restructuring will not stimulate dedicated employees to build a great company that will endure. It transcends the capacity of merely intellectual methods, and the techniques of discriminating the factors of the situation. From von Clausewitz, they learned the dynamic and unpredictable nature of military action. These include the shift from product-driven demand to customer- or marketing-driven demand (described above), the increased use of self-service approaches to lower cost, changes in the value chain or corporate structure due to globalization (e.g., off-shoring of production and assembly), and the internet. Further, core competency is difficult to duplicate, as it involves the skills and coordination of people across a variety of functional areas or processes used to deliver value to customers. Restore trust with the American people. This was called the production orientation. Every nation in the world has a national security strategy of some sort – a plan for ensuring its own continued existence. By outsourcing, companies expanded the concept of the value chain, with some elements within the entity and others without. Executives often sensed what they were going to do before they could explain why. IE's later decline shows that such dominance may be only temporary. Prior to the 1960s, the word competition rarely appeared in the most prominent management literature; U.S. companies then faced considerably less competition and did not focus on performance relative to peers. The emphasis is now on regional power coupled with increasing free trade. He wrote, "The job breeds adaptive information-manipulators who prefer the live concrete situation. Dalam menghadapi perubahan yang terus menerus dan disruptif, di mana dunia dihadapkan pada tatanan VUCA World, suatu dunia yang penuh dengan kerapuhan (volatility), ketidakpastian (uncertainty), kerumitan (complexity) dan kegamangan (ambiguity); kemampuan untuk menangani bahkan mengelola konflik menjadi sesuatu konstruktif terhadap pencapaian tujuan bisnis merupakan sesuatuyang mutlak diperlukan oleh siapa pun yang berkepentingan dalam pengelolaan sumber daya manusia The duality of the strategy makes it, Successful transnational strategies are built, across different countries. 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